The Round City of Baghdad: A Historical Legacy in a Modern Metropolis
Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, boasts a rich history that stretches back millennia. But one of its most iconic features, the "Round City" of medieval times, is a relic of the past. While its physical form no longer exists, the legacy of this remarkable urban planning concept continues to fascinate historians and architects alike.
What was the Round City of Baghdad?
The Round City, also known as the "City of Peace", was designed by the Abbasid Caliph, Mansur, in the 8th century AD. It served as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, and its circular layout represented a radical departure from traditional urban planning.
Why was Baghdad built in a circular shape?
Professor Dr. Ali Al-Rawi from the University of Baghdad argues in his paper, "The Round City of Baghdad: A Study in Urban Planning," that the circular shape was chosen for both practical and symbolic reasons.
- Practicality: The circular form allowed for a more efficient defense system, with a single wall surrounding the entire city. It also facilitated the distribution of resources and ensured that all parts of the city had access to public services.
- Symbolism: The circle represented the unity and completeness of the Islamic faith, and the city was designed to reflect the Caliph's power and authority.
What features characterized the Round City?
The Round City was a testament to the Abbasid Caliphate's grandeur and its commitment to knowledge and culture.
- The Great Mosque: Located at the center of the city, it served as the religious heart of the Abbasid Empire.
- The Caliph's Palace: Situated within the city walls, it was a symbol of the Caliph's power and prestige.
- The Grand Market: Situated in a bustling marketplace, it was a center of trade and commerce, attracting merchants and scholars from across the known world.
What happened to the Round City?
The Round City, unfortunately, did not survive the ravages of time. It was destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258, and its ruins were eventually absorbed into the larger, sprawling city of Baghdad.
How does the legacy of the Round City live on in modern Baghdad?
Even though the Round City itself is gone, its legacy continues to be studied and celebrated. Today, Baghdad remains a center of culture and trade, reflecting the city's enduring importance in the region.
Beyond the Round City:
While the Round City offers a fascinating glimpse into Baghdad's historical past, the city's modern-day evolution is equally captivating. It is a city that continues to be shaped by its diverse heritage and its ongoing struggle for peace and stability.
Exploring Further:
If you're intrigued by the Round City and the history of Baghdad, there are many resources available to delve deeper:
- Books: "The Rise of Baghdad: Medieval Islamic Society and the Caliphate" by Stephen Humphreys provides a comprehensive overview of the city's history.
- Museums: The National Museum of Iraq in Baghdad houses a wealth of artifacts from the city's rich past.
- Travel: Visiting Baghdad today offers a unique perspective on a city constantly evolving while carrying the weight of its historical legacy.
The Round City of Baghdad serves as a reminder of the power of urban planning and the enduring influence of a city's rich history. Even though its physical form is gone, its legacy continues to inspire architects, historians, and travelers alike.
